Three reasons why walkability is essential to Philadelphia’s future

If we want a city in which we can feel safe and comfortable walking around our neighborhoods, to school, or to access public transportation, we have to accept that traffic fatalities are not inevitable – as asserted by Vision Zero, which was recently endorsed by all mayoral candidates – and work to make our streets safer for everyone.

Street safety is also just one component of walkability. Here’s why that matters:

PEDESTRIANS ARE PHILADELPHIA’S MOST VULNERABLE STREET USERS

Pedestrians are the most likely of all street users to die from a traffic collision. In 2013, 4 of every 10 traffic deaths in Philadelphia were pedestrians – a total of 37 that year, up from 32 in 2009.

Furthermore, the likelihood of a pedestrian fatality depends on vehicle speeds. For instance, if a vehicle moving at 40 MPH hits a pedestrian, the pedestrian has an 85% chance of dying (or even higher for children and the elderly). If the speed were reduced to 30 mph, the fatality rate drops to 45%; and at 20 mph, the rate is just 5% (see Figure 2). Through implementing traffic calming measures, targeted to the most dangerous locations in the city for pedestrians, we can significantly improve pedestrian safety. For instance, University City District (UCD) has been experimenting with low-cost measures to increase the safety and comfort of key pedestrian corridors. Baltimore Crossing is a prime example: the five-way intersection of 48th St. and Baltimore Ave. had been a perilous and expansive intersection for pedestrians, where a frequent threat of colliding with cars loomed. In partnership with the city, UCD installed large painted bump-outs at three corners and added a new crosswalk, which cut pedestrian crossing distances roughly in half and made the intersection much less intimidating.

Incidentally, the Planning Commission’s 2012 Pedestrian and Bicycle Plan identifies both sections of Delaware Avenue and North Broad Street, where each of the recent pedestrian crashes occurred, as 2 of 48 “pedestrian network focus areas.” In these two locations, issues such as speeding, frequent running of red lights, low rates of cars yielding to pedestrians in the crosswalk, and narrow sidewalks warrant pedestrian safety improvements.

WALKABILITY WILL IMPROVE PHILADELPHIA’S ECONOMY AND OUR QUALITY OF LIFE

Walkability can boost neighborhood commercial corridors. A 2014 paper on the “economic value of walkability” presents a few reasons: “Walkable shopping areas are often economically successful, improved walkability tends to increase commercial and residential land values, many want to live within walking distances of commercial services, and…current market trends are likely to increase demand for walkable shopping districts.” And “walkability” isn’t limited to just having a wide enough sidewalk; if a sidewalk feels more social, it will encourage more people to walk and patronize businesses. In University City, businesses adjacent to parklets reported an average of 20% increase in salesafter they were installed.

These market trends play a significant role in Philadelphia. According to census data, 20-24 year olds are the largest 5-year age group and the second fastest growing from 2000 to 2013 (behind 25-29 year olds). This group also has a penchant for walking: 48% walk or use transit while 38% drive to get to work (compared to 35% and 50%, respectively, for the city as a whole). It also appears that a generational shift is occurring, in which millennials are more likely to than previous generations to prefer living in places where they don’t need to rely as much on driving to get around.

HOW CAN WE IMPROVE WALKABILITY IN PHILADELPHIA?

Jeff Speck lists walkability's four key components: walking should be useful, safe, comfortable, and interesting. More specifically, a successfully walkable place should ideally be compact and have diverse land uses; it should have streets that calm traffic and protect pedestrians; it should frame the pedestrian realm with trees and well placed buildings; and it should provide a visually engaging pedestrian experience.

Perhaps the most basic and essential component of walkability is safety. The Bicycle Coalition’s recent Safer Streetsreport provides the following recommendations with regard to safety:

“Analysis of pedestrian crash and fatality data reveals that crashes are concentrated in a limited number of locations. These locations fall into two categories: high volume, often high-speed streets and streets surrounding transit stops. In addition to diligently implementing the Complete Streets Policy adopted by Council in 2012, Philadelphia should develop a targeted program to address the most dangerous pedestrian locations to reduce injuries and fatalities by 50% by 2020, which is a stated goal of the City’s Pedestrian/Bicycle Plan.”

Implicit in these recommendations is the idea that a little bit of data analysis and coordination on the part of the city can go a long way in improving the city’s walkability. If we decide to make the essential elements of walkability a priority, our city will be better for it.

Want more? Daniel Wolf will be leading a Jane's Walk on Friday, May 1 at 5:30pm exploring ways to make Baltimore Avenue a place for people. (Free, open to all, rain or shine)

View "Three Reasons" at planphilly.com